Autobiography 

Born June 16, 1934 in New Orleans, Louisiana.  Arrived at Goodyear’s Pathfinder Plantation, Kabasalan, Mindanao, Philippines in January 1935.  We were captured at the plantation on July 2, 1942 and interned at Zamboanga, Mindanao, Philippines on July 3, 1942.  Moved by Japanese minesweeper to Davao, Mindanao where after a short time at a holding camp in a convent school we went to ‘The Happy Life Blues’ Internment Camp 4 miles south of the city.   Forced to feed ourselves for the first 8 months we were then provided money for food at a rate of 5/7^th of a subsistence diet.

 On December 24^th 1943 we were loaded into the bare hold of a Japanese Maru freighter and taken to Manila, arriving 2 January 1944 and taken to the Santo Tomas Internment Camp (STIC).  In February 1944 the Japanese declared we were no longer internees but Prisoners of War.

 We were liberated by the 1rst Cavalry and the 44^th Tank Battalion on February 3^rd, 1945 and endured the battle of Manila in which we suffered many casualties till 3 March, 1945   Returned to San Francisco via Leyte and New Guinea on a converted Dutch ship, the Klipfontain.

 Returned to the Philippines in the summer of 1946 on the first ship carrying civilians and stayed till late 1948 when returned permanently to go to school while parents returned to the plantation.

Bio #4      5-15-05